Etymograph

English

shtof

Shtof comes from Russian штоф ‘stoff, shtof’, from German Stoff ‘stuff, matter, substance’, and perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- ‘to push, to stick’.

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*(s)tewp-1‘to push, to stick’uncertain
  2. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*stuppōną1‘to stop, close’uncertain
  3. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*stoppōn2‘to stop, halt’uncertain
  4. Old High Germanc. 750–1050stopfōn2uncertain
  5. Old Frenchc. 842–1400estoffer3‘to provide what is necessary, equip, stuff’uncertain
  6. Old Frenchc. 842–1400estophe3uncertain
  7. Middle Dutchc. 1150–1500stoffe3uncertain
  8. Dutchc. 1500–presentstof3‘substance in general, matter, material’uncertain
  9. Germanc. 1650–presentStoff4‘stuff, matter, substance’
  10. Russianmodernштоф5štof‘stoff, shtof’
  11. Englishtodayshtof5

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn, which cites Barnhart
  2. 2 Wiktionary, Old French estoffer
  3. 3 Wiktionary, German Stoff
  4. 4 Wiktionary, Russian штоф
  5. 5 Wiktionary, English shtof

Lineage

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*(s)tewp-Wiktionary, Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn, which cites Barnhart‘to push, to stick’uncertain
  2. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*stuppōnąWiktionary, Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn, which cites Barnhart‘to stop, close’uncertain
  3. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*stoppōnWiktionary, Old French estoffer‘to stop, halt’uncertain
  4. Old High Germanc. 750–1050stopfōnWiktionary, Old French estofferuncertain
  5. Old Frenchc. 842–1400estofferWiktionary, German Stoff‘to provide what is necessary, equip, stuff’uncertain
  6. Old Frenchc. 842–1400estopheWiktionary, German Stoffuncertain
  7. Middle Dutchc. 1150–1500stoffeWiktionary, German Stoffuncertain
  8. Dutchc. 1500–presentstofWiktionary, German Stoff‘substance in general, matter, material’uncertain
  9. Germanc. 1650–presentStoffWiktionary, Russian штоф‘stuff, matter, substance’
  10. RussianmodernштофWiktionary, English shtofštof‘stoff, shtof’
  11. EnglishtodayshtofWiktionary, English shtof

Linked words

through Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- ‘to push, to stick’

type, typical, steep, stubborn, stub, stupendous, timbre, timpani, tympanum, 17 more

through Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn ‘to stop, halt’

stop, 2 more

through Old French estoffer ‘to provide what is necessary, equip, stuff’

stuff, 1 more

Today it means

noun An old Russian liquid measure, equal to 1.23 litres.

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “shtof”; the older steps come from the Wiktionary entries for Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn, Old French estoffer, German Stoff, Russian штоф. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- / shtof

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