Etymograph

English

intelligence

Intelligence comes from Old French intelligence, from Latin intellegentia ‘understanding’, from intellegēns, present participle of intellegō ‘to understand’.

  1. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEintellegō1‘to understand’
  2. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEintellegēns1‘understanding’
  3. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEintellegentia1‘intelligence’
  4. Old Frenchc. 842–1400intelligence1‘comprehension’
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500intelligence1‘comprehension’
  6. Englishearliest quotation 1650intelligence1

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, English intelligence
  2. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1650, Thomas Fuller, A Pisgah-Sight of Palestine and the Confines Thereof: “Yet Josephus tells us of Phiala, a ſpring[…] into…”.

Lineage

  1. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEintellegōWiktionary, English intelligence‘to understand’
  2. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEintellegēnsWiktionary, English intelligence‘understanding’
  3. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEintellegentiaWiktionary, English intelligence‘intelligence’
  4. Old Frenchc. 842–1400intelligenceWiktionary, English intelligence‘comprehension’
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500intelligenceWiktionary, English intelligence‘comprehension’
  6. Englishearliest quotation 1650intelligenceWiktionary, English intelligence. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1650, Thomas Fuller, A Pisgah-Sight of Palestine and the Confines Thereof: “Yet Josephus tells us of Phiala, a ſpring[…] into…”

Word family

English words that share an ancestor with intelligence, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.

through Proto-Indo-European *h₂leg- ‘to care for’

  • leech ← leche ← lǣċe ← *lākī ← *lēkijaz
  • analgesic ← ἄλγησις ← ἄλγος
  • analgesia ← ἀναλγησίᾱ ← ἀνάλγητος ← ἀλγέω ← ᾰ̓́λγος

through Proto-Italic *legō

  • election ← eleccioun ← eleccioun ← ēlectiōn- ← ēlectiō
  • collection ← colleccioun ← collēctiō ← collēctus ← colligō
  • lesson ← lessoun ← leçon ← lēctiō ← legō
  • select ← sēlēctus ← sēlegō ← legō
  • collective ← collectif ← collēctīvus ← collēctus ← colligō
  • elite ← elit ← elit ← ēligō ← legō
  • eligible ← eligibilis ← ēligō ← legō
  • elect ← ēlēctus ← ēligō ← legō
  • legion ← legiō ← legō

49 more relatives in the full family tree

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Today it means

noun The capacity of mind, especially to understand principles, truths, facts or meanings, acquire knowledge, and apply it to practice; the ability to comprehend and learn; the ability to process sentient experience to generate true beliefs with a justified degree of confidence.

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “intelligence”. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Latin intellegō / intelligence