Proto-Indo-European

*h₃ep-

‘to work, toil, make’

Every word has its own definition in its root. These English words share one: Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep-.

40 English words in this record descend from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep-, most familiar first.

• office ← officium ← opificium ← opifex ← ops
• official ← officiālis ← officium ← ops ← *opis
• officer ← officium ← ops ← *opis ← *h₃ep-(i)-
• operation ← operacioun ← operacion ← operātiō ← operor
• bus ← omnibus ← omnibus ← omnibus ← omnis
• copy ← copie ← copia ← cōps ← ops
• operate ← operātus ← opera ← opus ← *opos
• operator ← operor ← operātus ← opera ← opus
• cooperation ← cooperātiō ← operātiō ← operor ← operātus
• opera
• operative ← operatif ← operātīvus ← operō ← operor
• cooperate ← cooperātus ← cooperor ← operor ← operātus

More words from *h₃ep-

• opus
• omnibus
• copious
• oeuvre
• opulence
• officiate
• omnivore
• officiant
• officious
• oficina
• interoperate
• officina
• usine
• omnibenevolent
• ouvrier
• operatory
• opusculum
• copist
• dyscopia
• inofficious
• inoperation
• omnifarious
• operose
• opificer
• opuscule
• opiparous
• opifice
• ouvrierism

Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep-