Etymograph

English

operation

Operation comes from Middle English operacioun, from Old French operacion, from Latin operātiō, from operor ‘to work’, from opus ‘work’.

  1. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEopus1‘work’
  2. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEoperor1‘to work’
  3. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEoperātiō1
  4. Old Frenchc. 842–1400operacion1‘action’
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500operacioun1
  6. Englishearliest quotation 1655operation1

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, English operation
  2. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […]: “The bards […] had great operation on the vulgar.”.

Lineage

  1. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEopusWiktionary, English operation‘work’
  2. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEoperorWiktionary, English operation‘to work’
  3. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEoperātiōWiktionary, English operation
  4. Old Frenchc. 842–1400operacionWiktionary, English operation‘action’
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500operaciounWiktionary, English operation
  6. Englishearliest quotation 1655operationWiktionary, English operation. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […]: “The bards […] had great operation on the vulgar.”

Word family

English words that share an ancestor with operation, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.

through Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep- ‘to work, toil, make’

  • office ← officium ← opificium ← opifex ← ops
  • official ← officiālis ← officium ← ops ← *opis
  • bus ← omnibus ← omnibus ← omnibus ← omnis
  • copy ← copie ← copia ← cōps ← ops
  • omnibus ← (voiture) omnibus ← omnis ← *opnis
  • copious ← copiosus ← copia ← cōps ← ops
  • opulence ← opulentia ← opulentus ← ops ← *opis
  • officiate ← officiātus ← officior ← officium ← ops
  • omnivore ← omnivorus ← omnis ← *opnis
  • officiant ← officiāns ← officiāre ← officium ← ops
  • officious ← offycyous ← officiōsus ← officium ← ops

through Latin opus ‘work, labor, accomplishment’

58 more relatives in the full family tree

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Today it means

noun The method by which a device performs its function.

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “operation”. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Latin opus / operation