Etymograph

English

three

Three comes from Middle English thre, and goes back to Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*tréyes1reconstructed
  2. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*þrīz1reconstructed
  3. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*þrīʀ1reconstructed
  4. Old Englishc. 450–1150þrī1
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500thre1
  6. Englishearliest quotation 1912three1

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, English three
  2. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1912, Zane Grey, New York: “Venters began to count them—one—two—three—four—on up to sixteen.”.

Lineage

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*tréyesWiktionary, English threereconstructed
  2. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*þrīzWiktionary, English threereconstructed
  3. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*þrīʀWiktionary, English threereconstructed
  4. Old Englishc. 450–1150þrīWiktionary, English three
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500threWiktionary, English three
  6. Englishearliest quotation 1912threeWiktionary, English three. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1912, Zane Grey, New York: “Venters began to count them—one—two—three—four—on up to sixteen.”

Word family

English words that share an ancestor with three, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.

through Proto-Indo-European *tréyes

  • distribution ← distributio ← distribuere ← tribus ← trēs
  • contribute ← contribūtus ← contribuō ← tribuō ← tribus
  • tribute ← tribut ← tribut ← tributum ← tribuere
  • tribe ← tribu ← tribus ← trēs ← *trēs
  • tribal ← tribālis ← tribus ← trēs ← *trēs
  • trio ← trēs ← *trēs ← *trejes
  • trinity ← trinite ← trinite ← trīnitās ← trīnī
  • tribunal ← tribūnus ← tribus ← trēs ← *trēs
  • tri
  • tribune ← tribun ← tribunus ← tribus ← trēs
  • trey ← trei ← trois ← trēs ← *trēs
  • tern ← terne ← terne ← ternās ← ternī

14 more relatives in the full family tree

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Today it means

num A numerical value equal to 3; the number following two and preceding four.

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “three”. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *tréyes / three