English
three
Three comes from Middle English thre, and goes back to Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*tréyes1reconstructed
- Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*þrīz1reconstructed
- Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*þrīʀ1reconstructed
- Old Englishc. 450–1150þrī1
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500thre1
- Englishearliest quotation 1912three1
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor
- 1 Wiktionary, English three
- Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1912, Zane Grey, New York: “Venters began to count them—one—two—three—four—on up to sixteen.”.
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*tréyesWiktionary, English threereconstructed
- Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*þrīzWiktionary, English threereconstructed
- Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*þrīʀWiktionary, English threereconstructed
- Old Englishc. 450–1150þrīWiktionary, English three
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500threWiktionary, English three
- Englishearliest quotation 1912threeWiktionary, English three. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1912, Zane Grey, New York: “Venters began to count them—one—two—three—four—on up to sixteen.”
Word family
English words that share an ancestor with three, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.
through Proto-Indo-European *tréyes
- distribution ← distributio ← distribuere ← tribus ← trēs
- contribute ← contribūtus ← contribuō ← tribuō ← tribus
- tribute ← tribut ← tribut ← tributum ← tribuere
- tribe ← tribu ← tribus ← trēs ← *trēs
- tribal ← tribālis ← tribus ← trēs ← *trēs
- trio ← trēs ← *trēs ← *trejes
- trinity ← trinite ← trinite ← trīnitās ← trīnī
- tribunal ← tribūnus ← tribus ← trēs ← *trēs
- tri
- tribune ← tribun ← tribunus ← tribus ← trēs
- trey ← trei ← trois ← trēs ← *trēs
- tern ← terne ← terne ← ternās ← ternī
14 more relatives in the full family tree
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Today it means
num A numerical value equal to 3; the number following two and preceding four.
Sources
Sources: Wiktionary, “three”. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *tréyes / three