Etymograph

English

source

Source comes from Old French sorse ‘rise, spring’, from sordre ‘to rise’, from Latin surgō ‘to rise’, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-.

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₃reǵ-1‘to straighten’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₃réǵeti2‘to straighten’reconstructed
  3. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEregō2‘to lead, rule’
  4. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEsurgō2‘to rise’
  5. Old Frenchc. 842–1400sordre2‘to rise’
  6. Old Frenchc. 842–1400sors2
  7. Old Frenchc. 842–1400sorse2‘rise, beginning, spring, source’
  8. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500sours2
  9. Englishearliest quotation 1969source2

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, Proto-Indo-European *h₃réǵeti
  2. 2 Wiktionary, English source
  3. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1969, 1969 May 28, A View of the O-erh-ch'i-ssu River Delta: “The O-erh-ch'i-ssu River begins in the southern section of…”.

Lineage

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₃reǵ-Wiktionary, Proto-Indo-European *h₃réǵeti‘to straighten’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₃réǵetiWiktionary, English source‘to straighten’reconstructed
  3. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEregōWiktionary, English source‘to lead, rule’
  4. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEsurgōWiktionary, English source‘to rise’
  5. Old Frenchc. 842–1400sordreWiktionary, English source‘to rise’
  6. Old Frenchc. 842–1400sorsWiktionary, English source
  7. Old Frenchc. 842–1400sorseWiktionary, English source‘rise, beginning, spring, source’
  8. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500soursWiktionary, English source
  9. Englishearliest quotation 1969sourceWiktionary, English source. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1969, 1969 May 28, A View of the O-erh-ch'i-ssu River Delta: “The O-erh-ch'i-ssu River begins in the southern section of…”

Word family

English words that share an ancestor with source, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.

through Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- ‘to straighten’

  • right ← reȝt ← reht ← *reht ← *rehtaz
  • real ← rēgālis ← rēx ← *rēks ← *h₃rḗǵs
  • regular ← reguler ← reguler ← rēgulāris ← rēgula
  • rich ← riche ← rīċe ← *rīkī ← *rīkijaz
  • royal ← roial ← rēgālis ← rēx ← *rēks
  • correct ← correctus
  • rank ← ranc ← *rankaz
  • arrangement ← arranger ← arangier ← rengier ← reng
  • roy ← roi ← rēx ← *rēks ← *h₃rḗǵs
  • radar ← range ← rengen ← rengier ← reng
  • arrange ← arengen ← arangier ← rengier ← reng
  • rack ← rakke ← rac

267 more relatives in the full family tree

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Today it means

noun The person, place, or thing from which something (information, goods, etc.) comes or is acquired.

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “source”; the older steps come from the Wiktionary entry for Proto-Indo-European *h₃réǵeti. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- / source