Etymograph

English

short

Short comes from Middle English schort, from Old English sċort ‘short’, and ultimately from Proto-Germanic *skurtaz ‘short’, perhaps from *skertaną ‘to cut off’.

  1. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*skertaną1‘to cut off’uncertain
  2. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*skurtaz1‘short’reconstructed
  3. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*skurt1reconstructed
  4. Old Englishc. 450–1150sċort1‘short’
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500schort1
  6. Englishearliest quotation c. 1595–1596short1

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, English short
  2. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: c. 1595–1596, William Shakespeare, A Midsommer Nights Dreame: “For the short and the long is, our play…”.

Lineage

  1. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*skertanąWiktionary, English short‘to cut off’uncertain
  2. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*skurtazWiktionary, English short‘short’reconstructed
  3. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*skurtWiktionary, English shortreconstructed
  4. Old Englishc. 450–1150sċortWiktionary, English short‘short’
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500schortWiktionary, English short
  6. Englishearliest quotation c. 1595–1596shortWiktionary, English short. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: c. 1595–1596, William Shakespeare, A Midsommer Nights Dreame: “For the short and the long is, our play…”

Word family

English words that share an ancestor with short, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.

through Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- ‘to cut off, sever’

  • across ← acros ← an croiz ← crois ← crux
  • card ← carde ← carda ← *carito ← carō
  • cross ← cros ← kross ← cros ← crux
  • cancer ← *kankros ← *karkros ← *kr-kr-
  • share ← schar ← sċear ← *skaraz
  • screen ← scren ← escren
  • circle ← cercle ← circulus ← circus ← κίρκος
  • score ← scoru ← skor ← *skurō
  • circuit ← circuitus ← circuire ← circum ← circus
  • crucial
  • curve ← curvus ← *korwos ← *(s)kr̥wós
  • scare ← scaren ← skirra ← *skirzijaną

153 more relatives in the full family tree

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Today it means

adj Having a small distance from one end or edge to another, either horizontally or vertically.

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “short”. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Proto-Germanic *skertaną / short