English
cross
Cross comes from Old English cros, from Old Norse kross, from Old Irish cros, from Latin crux.
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEcrux1‘cross, gallows’
- Old Irishc. 600–900cros1
- Old Norsec. 800–1350kross1
- Old Englishc. 450–1150cros1‘rood, cross’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500cross1‘a cross’
- Englishearliest quotation c. 1591–1592cross1
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor
- 1 Wiktionary, English cross
- Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: c. 1591–1592, William Shakespeare, The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]: “to cross me from the golden time I look…”.
Lineage
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEcruxWiktionary, English cross‘cross, gallows’
- Old Irishc. 600–900crosWiktionary, English cross
- Old Norsec. 800–1350krossWiktionary, English cross
- Old Englishc. 450–1150crosWiktionary, English cross‘rood, cross’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500crossWiktionary, English cross‘a cross’
- Englishearliest quotation c. 1591–1592crossWiktionary, English cross. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: c. 1591–1592, William Shakespeare, The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]: “to cross me from the golden time I look…”
The story
In this sense displaced native Middle English rode, from Old English rōd (‘cross’); see English rood. The sense of "two intersecting lines drawn or cut on a surface; two lines intersecting at right angles" without regard to religious signification develops from the late 14th century.
Word family
English words that share an ancestor with cross, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.
through Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- ‘to cut off, sever’
- short ← schort ← sċort ← *skurt ← *skurtaz
- share ← schar ← sċear ← *skaraz
- card ← carde ← carda ← *carito ← carō
- cancer ← *kankros ← *karkros ← *kr-kr-
- score ← scoru ← skor ← *skurō
- shirt ← schirt ← sċyrte ← *skurtijā ← *skurtijǭ
- screen ← scren ← escren
- circle ← cercle ← circulus ← circus ← κίρκος
- circuit ← circuitus ← circuire ← circum ← circus
- curve ← curvus ← *korwos ← *(s)kr̥wós
- scare ← scaren ← skirra ← *skirzijaną
- crucial
160 more relatives in the full family tree
No ads, ever.
Explore everything descended from crux →
No ads, ever. This is how the app stays alive.
Become a founding member, $29 onceWear this word, $32Support the app
Today it means
noun A geometrical figure consisting of two straight lines or bars intersecting each other such that at least one of them is bisected by the other.
Sources
Sources: Wiktionary, “cross”. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.
Etymograph / Latin crux / cross