English
original
Original comes from Middle English original, from Old French original, from Late Latin orīginālis ‘primitive’, from Latin orior ‘to originate’, from Proto-Italic *oriōr.
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*oriōr1‘to rise’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEorior1‘to originate’
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEorīgō2‘beginning’
- Late Latinc. 200–600 CEorīginālis2‘primitive’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400original2
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500original2‘original’
- Englishearliest quotation 1700original2
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor
- 1 Wiktionary, Latin origo
- 2 Wiktionary, English original
- Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1700, Tom Brown, Amusements Serious and Comical: “I have a great mind to be in Print;…”.
Lineage
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*oriōrWiktionary, Latin origo‘to rise’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEoriorWiktionary, Latin origo‘to originate’
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEorīgōWiktionary, English original‘beginning’
- Late Latinc. 200–600 CEorīginālisWiktionary, English original‘primitive’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400originalWiktionary, English original
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500originalWiktionary, English original‘original’
- Englishearliest quotation 1700originalWiktionary, English original. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1700, Tom Brown, Amusements Serious and Comical: “I have a great mind to be in Print;…”
Word family
English words that share an ancestor with original, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.
through Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- ‘to rise, to spring’
- run ← runnen
- ride ← riden ← rīdan ← *rīdan ← *rīdaną
- earn ← erne ← rennen ← rinnan ← *rinnaną
- orient ← oriēns
- irritable ← irritabilis ← irrītō ← *h₃riH-tó-s ← *h₃reyH-
- irritate ← irrītātus ← irrītō ← *h₃riH-tó-s ← *h₃reyH-
- ornithology ← ornithologia ← ὀρνιθολόγος ← ὄρνις ← *órn-īk-s ~ *órn-īkʷʰ-
- erne ← ern ← earn ← *arnu ← *arnuz
- orogeny ← orogénie ← ὄρος ← ὄρνυμι ← *h₃eros
through Latin orior ‘to originate, to be born’
- abortion ← abortiōnem ← aborior
- abort ← abortus ← aborior
- aborigines ← orīgō
31 more relatives in the full family tree
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Today it means
adj Relating to the origin or beginning; preceding all others.
Sources
Sources: Wiktionary, “original”; the older steps come from the Wiktionary entry for Latin origo. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.
Etymograph / Proto-Italic *oriōr / original