English
low
Low comes from Middle English lāh, from Old Norse lágr, from Proto-Germanic *lēgaz, ultimately from PIE *legʰ- ‘to lie’.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*legʰ-1‘to lie’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*légʰyeti1‘to be lying down’reconstructed
- Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*ligjaną1‘to lie’reconstructed
- Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*lēgaz1‘low’reconstructed
- Old Norsec. 800–1350lágr1
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500lāh1
- Englishearliest quotation 1598–1599low1
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor
- 1 Wiktionary, English low
- Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1598–1599, Much Adoe about Nothing: “Speak low if you speak love.”.
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*legʰ-Wiktionary, English low‘to lie’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*légʰyetiWiktionary, English low‘to be lying down’reconstructed
- Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*ligjanąWiktionary, English low‘to lie’reconstructed
- Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*lēgazWiktionary, English low‘low’reconstructed
- Old Norsec. 800–1350lágrWiktionary, English low
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500lāhWiktionary, English low
- Englishearliest quotation 1598–1599lowWiktionary, English low. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1598–1599, Much Adoe about Nothing: “Speak low if you speak love.”
Word family
English words that share an ancestor with low, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.
through Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- ‘to lie’
- law ← lawe ← lagu ← lǫg ← lag
- college ← collēgium ← collēga ← lēgō ← lēx
- legal ← lēgālis ← lex ← *lēks ← *lḗgʰs
- lawyer ← lawiere ← lawe ← lagu ← *lagu
- layer ← leyer
- legacy ← legacie ← legacie ← lēgātum ← lēgō
- fellow ← felawe ← fēolaga ← félagi ← félag
- colleague ← collegue ← collēga ← lēgō ← lēx
- delegation ← delegatio ← dēlēgō ← lēgō ← lēx
- loyalty ← loialte ← loialte ← loial ← lēgālis
- loyal ← loial ← lēgālis ← lex ← *lēks
- litter ← lectus
41 more relatives in the full family tree
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Another origin of low
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*kelh₁-‘to call’reconstructed
- Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*hlōaną‘to call’reconstructed
- Old Englishc. 450–1150hlōwan‘to low’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500lowen‘to low’
- Englishtodaylow
Another origin of low
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*lewk-‘light’reconstructed
- Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*lugô‘flame, blaze’reconstructed
- Proto-Norsec. 200–800 CE*luȝatransliteratedrunes *ᛚᚢᚷᚨreconstructed
- Old Norsec. 800–1350logi‘fire, flame, sword’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500lowe‘Fire, blazing’
- Englishtodaylow
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Today it means
adj Situated close to, or even below, the ground or another normal reference plane; not high or lofty.
Sources
Sources: Wiktionary, “low”. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- / low