Etymograph

English

epic

Epic comes from Middle French épique, from Latin epicus, from Greek ἐπικός, from ἔπος ‘word, story’, ultimately from PIE *wekʷ- ‘to speak’.

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*wekʷ-1‘to speak’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*wékʷos1reconstructed
  3. Proto-Hellenicc. 2200–1600 BCE*wékʷos1‘word, speech’reconstructed
  4. Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEἔπος2épos‘word, story’
  5. Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEἐπικός2epikós
  6. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEepicus2
  7. Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600épique2
  8. Englishearliest quotation 1958epic2

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, Ancient Greek ἔπος
  2. 2 Wiktionary, English epic
  3. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1958, David Gunston, Railways on the Screen: “These epics nearly always had runaway trains, nincompoops floundering…”.

Lineage

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*wekʷ-Wiktionary, Ancient Greek ἔπος‘to speak’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*wékʷosWiktionary, Ancient Greek ἔποςreconstructed
  3. Proto-Hellenicc. 2200–1600 BCE*wékʷosWiktionary, Ancient Greek ἔπος‘word, speech’reconstructed
  4. Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEἔποςWiktionary, English epicépos‘word, story’
  5. Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEἐπικόςWiktionary, English epicepikós
  6. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEepicusWiktionary, English epic
  7. Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600épiqueWiktionary, English epic
  8. Englishearliest quotation 1958epicWiktionary, English epic. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1958, David Gunston, Railways on the Screen: “These epics nearly always had runaway trains, nincompoops floundering…”

Word family

English words that share an ancestor with epic, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.

through Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- ‘to speak’

  • voice ← voiz ← vōcem ← vōx ← *wōks
  • invite ← inviter ← invītō ← invocō ← vocō
  • vocal ← vōcālis ← vōx ← *wōks ← *wṓkʷs
  • invitation ← invitacioun ← invītātio ← invito ← invocō
  • vie ← envien ← envier ← invītō ← invocō
  • invoke ← *invoken ← envoquer ← invocāre ← vocō
  • vox ← *wōks ← *wṓkʷs
  • wight ← wiht ← *wihti ← *wihtiz ← *wekti-
  • whit ← wiȝt ← wiht ← *wihtą ← *wekti-
  • vouch ← vouchen ← vocher ← *vocicāre ← voco
  • invocation ← invocacioun ← invocacion ← invocatio ← invocō
  • vociferous ← vōcifer ← vōx ← *wōks ← *wṓkʷs

38 more relatives in the full family tree

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Another origin of epic

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₁ep-‘to grab, snatch, get’uncertain
  2. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₁épi‘on’reconstructed
  3. Proto-Hellenicc. 2200–1600 BCE*epíreconstructed
  4. Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEἐπίepí‘on top of’
  5. Englishtodayepic

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Today it means

noun An extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a deity, demigod (heroic epic), other legend or traditional hero.

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “epic”; the older steps come from the Wiktionary entry for Ancient Greek ἔπος. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- / epic