English
epic
Epic comes from Middle French épique, from Latin epicus, from Greek ἐπικός, from ἔπος ‘word, story’, ultimately from PIE *wekʷ- ‘to speak’.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*wekʷ-1‘to speak’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*wékʷos1reconstructed
- Proto-Hellenicc. 2200–1600 BCE*wékʷos1‘word, speech’reconstructed
- Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEἔπος2épos‘word, story’
- Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEἐπικός2epikós
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEepicus2
- Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600épique2
- Englishearliest quotation 1958epic2
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor
- 1 Wiktionary, Ancient Greek ἔπος
- 2 Wiktionary, English epic
- Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1958, David Gunston, Railways on the Screen: “These epics nearly always had runaway trains, nincompoops floundering…”.
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*wekʷ-Wiktionary, Ancient Greek ἔπος‘to speak’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*wékʷosWiktionary, Ancient Greek ἔποςreconstructed
- Proto-Hellenicc. 2200–1600 BCE*wékʷosWiktionary, Ancient Greek ἔπος‘word, speech’reconstructed
- Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEἔποςWiktionary, English epicépos‘word, story’
- Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEἐπικόςWiktionary, English epicepikós
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEepicusWiktionary, English epic
- Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600épiqueWiktionary, English epic
- Englishearliest quotation 1958epicWiktionary, English epic. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1958, David Gunston, Railways on the Screen: “These epics nearly always had runaway trains, nincompoops floundering…”
Word family
English words that share an ancestor with epic, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.
through Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- ‘to speak’
- voice ← voiz ← vōcem ← vōx ← *wōks
- invite ← inviter ← invītō ← invocō ← vocō
- vocal ← vōcālis ← vōx ← *wōks ← *wṓkʷs
- invitation ← invitacioun ← invītātio ← invito ← invocō
- vie ← envien ← envier ← invītō ← invocō
- invoke ← *invoken ← envoquer ← invocāre ← vocō
- vox ← *wōks ← *wṓkʷs
- wight ← wiht ← *wihti ← *wihtiz ← *wekti-
- whit ← wiȝt ← wiht ← *wihtą ← *wekti-
- vouch ← vouchen ← vocher ← *vocicāre ← voco
- invocation ← invocacioun ← invocacion ← invocatio ← invocō
- vociferous ← vōcifer ← vōx ← *wōks ← *wṓkʷs
38 more relatives in the full family tree
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Another origin of epic
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₁ep-‘to grab, snatch, get’uncertain
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₁épi‘on’reconstructed
- Proto-Hellenicc. 2200–1600 BCE*epíreconstructed
- Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEἐπίepí‘on top of’
- Englishtodayepic
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Today it means
noun An extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a deity, demigod (heroic epic), other legend or traditional hero.
Sources
Sources: Wiktionary, “epic”; the older steps come from the Wiktionary entry for Ancient Greek ἔπος. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- / epic