English
act
Act comes from Middle English acte, from Old French acte, from Latin ācta ‘register of events’, plural of āctum ‘decree, law’, from agō ‘to do, to act’.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂eǵ-1reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂éǵeti1‘to be driving’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*agō1‘to drive’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEagō1‘to do, to act’
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEāctum1‘decree, law’
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEācta1‘register of events’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400acte1
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500acte1‘an act’
- Englishearliest quotation 1651act1
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor
- 1 Wiktionary, English act
- Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1651, Jeremy Taylor, Signes of Purity of Intention: “that we act our temporal affairs with a deſire…”.
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂eǵ-Wiktionary, English actreconstructed
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂éǵetiWiktionary, English act‘to be driving’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*agōWiktionary, English act‘to drive’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEagōWiktionary, English act‘to do, to act’
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEāctumWiktionary, English act‘decree, law’
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEāctaWiktionary, English act‘register of events’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400acteWiktionary, English act
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500acteWiktionary, English act‘an act’
- Englishearliest quotation 1651actWiktionary, English act. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1651, Jeremy Taylor, Signes of Purity of Intention: “that we act our temporal affairs with a deſire…”
The story
Partially displaced deed, from Old English dǣd (‘act, deed’).
Word family
English words that share an ancestor with act, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.
through Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-
- suggest ← suggestus ← sub ← *supo ← *upó
- register ← registrum ← regesta ← regerō ← gerō
- essay
- gesture ← gestūra ← gerō ← *gezō
- digest ← digesten ← dīgestus ← dīgerō ← gerō
- congestion ← congestioun ← congestĭō ← congerō ← gerō
- acre ← æcer ← *akr ← *akraz ← *h₂éǵros
- agrarian ← agrarien ← agrārius ← ager ← *agros
- belligerent ← belligerans ← belligerō ← belliger ← bellum
- progesterone ← ketone ← Keton ← gestō ← gerō
- gestation ← gestātiō ← gestō ← gerō ← *gezō
- ingestion ← ingestionem ← ingestio ← ingerere ← gero
458 more relatives in the full family tree
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Today it means
noun Something done, a deed.
Sources
Sources: Wiktionary, “act”. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- / act