Etymograph

English

union

Union comes from Middle English unyoun, from Old French union, from Late Latin ūniō ‘oneness’, from Latin ūnus ‘one’, ultimately from PIE *h₁óynos ‘one’.

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₁óynos1‘one’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*oinos1‘one’reconstructed
  3. Old Latinc. 700–75 BCEoinos1
  4. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEūnus2‘one’
  5. Late Latinc. 200–600 CEūniō2‘oneness’
  6. Old Frenchc. 842–1400union2
  7. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500unyoun2
  8. Englishearliest quotation c. 1599–1602union2

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, Latin unus
  2. 2 Wiktionary, English union
  3. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: c. 1599–1602, William Shakespeare, The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: “And in the cup an union shall he throw,…”.

Lineage

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₁óynosWiktionary, Latin unus‘one’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*oinosWiktionary, Latin unus‘one’reconstructed
  3. Old Latinc. 700–75 BCEoinosWiktionary, Latin unus
  4. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEūnusWiktionary, English union‘one’
  5. Late Latinc. 200–600 CEūniōWiktionary, English union‘oneness’
  6. Old Frenchc. 842–1400unionWiktionary, English union
  7. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500unyounWiktionary, English union
  8. Englishearliest quotation c. 1599–1602unionWiktionary, English union. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: c. 1599–1602, William Shakespeare, The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: “And in the cup an union shall he throw,…”

Linked words

through Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos ‘one, single’

an, no, any, one, only, none, 20 more

through Proto-Italic *oinos ‘one’

null, 18 more

through Old Latin oinos

universally, 14 more

through Latin ūnus ‘one’

unique, universal, uno, triune, 15 more

through Late Latin ūniō ‘oneness, unity’

unite, onion, 2 more

Today it means

noun The act of uniting or joining two or more things into one.

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “union”; the older steps come from the Wiktionary entry for Latin unus. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos / union