Etymograph

English

tennis

Tennis comes from Middle English tennys, from Old French tenez ‘hold!’, the plural imperative of tenir ‘to hold’, from Latin teneō ‘to hold’.

  1. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEteneō1‘to hold’
  2. Medieval Latinc. 600–1500tenīre1
  3. Old Frenchc. 842–1400tenir1as tenez‘to hold’
  4. Old Frenchc. 842–1400tenez1‘hold! (imperative of tenir)’
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500tennys1
  6. Englishearliest quotation 1596tennis1

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, English tennis
  2. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1596, Edmund Spenser: “they shall have Intelligence or Espial upon the Enemy,…”.

Lineage

  1. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEteneōWiktionary, English tennis‘to hold’
  2. Medieval Latinc. 600–1500tenīreWiktionary, English tennis
  3. Old Frenchc. 842–1400tenirWiktionary, English tennisas tenez‘to hold’
  4. Old Frenchc. 842–1400tenezWiktionary, English tennis‘hold! (imperative of tenir)’
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500tennysWiktionary, English tennis
  6. Englishearliest quotation 1596tennisWiktionary, English tennis. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1596, Edmund Spenser: “they shall have Intelligence or Espial upon the Enemy,…”

Word family

English words that share an ancestor with tennis, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.

through Proto-Indo-European *ten- ‘to stretch, draw’

  • tight ← *þiht ← *þį̄ht(ī) ← *þinhtaz ← *tenkt-
  • tone ← ton ← tonus ← τόνος ← τείνω
  • obtain ← obteinen ← obtenir ← obtinēre ← tenēre
  • ton ← tonus ← τόνος ← *tónos ← *tón-os
  • entertainment ← entretenement ← entretenement
  • tune ← ton ← tonus ← τόνος ← *tónos
  • maintenance ← mayntenaunce ← maintenir ← manus tenēre
  • tender ← tendre ← tener
  • pertinent
  • pristine ← pristin ← prīstinus ← *per
  • tonic ← τονικός ← τόνος ← *tónos ← *tónos
  • tendon ← τένων

140 more relatives in the full family tree

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Today it means

noun A sport played by two players (or four in doubles), who alternately strike the ball over a net using racquets.

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “tennis”. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Latin teneō / tennis