English
repeat
Repeat comes from Old French repeter, from Latin repetō, from re- ‘again’ + petō ‘to seek, attack’, from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂eti ‘to fly’.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*péth₂eti1‘to fly’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEpetō1‘to attack, beseech, seek’
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CErepetō1‘to attack again’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400repeter1‘to say multiple times’
- Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600repeter2‘to repeat’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500repeten1‘to repeat’
- Englishearliest quotation a. 1687repeat1
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor
- 1 Wiktionary, English repeat
- 2 Wiktionary, Middle English repeten
- Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: a. 1687, Edmund Waller: “He[…] repeats the danger of the burning town.”.
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*péth₂etiWiktionary, English repeat‘to fly’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEpetōWiktionary, English repeat‘to attack, beseech, seek’
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CErepetōWiktionary, English repeat‘to attack again’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400repeterWiktionary, English repeat‘to say multiple times’
- Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600repeterWiktionary, Middle English repeten‘to repeat’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500repetenWiktionary, English repeat‘to repeat’
- Englishearliest quotation a. 1687repeatWiktionary, English repeat. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: a. 1687, Edmund Waller: “He[…] repeats the danger of the burning town.”
Word family
English words that share an ancestor with repeat, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.
through Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- ‘to spread out’
- pass ← passen ← passer ← *passāre ← passus
- mile ← myle ← mīl ← *mīliju ← mīlia
- expansion ← expānsiō ← expandō ← pandō ← *pandō
- expand ← espaundre ← expandō ← pandō ← *pandō
- helicopter ← hélicoptère ← πτερόν ← *pterón ← *péth₂r̥
- pen ← penne ← penne ← penne ← penna
- patent ← patēns ← pateō ← *patēō ← *pandō
- competent ← competens ← competō ← petō ← *péth₂eti
- symptom ← sinthoma ← sinthoma ← symptoma ← σύμπτωμα
- spawn ← spawnen ← espaundre ← espandre ← expandō
- feather ← fethere ← feþer ← *feþru ← *feþrō
- expanse ← expansum ← expandō ← pandō ← *pandō
113 more relatives in the full family tree
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Today it means
verb To do or say again (and again).
Sources
Sources: Wiktionary, “repeat”; the older steps come from the Wiktionary entry for Middle English repeten. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *péth₂eti / repeat