Etymograph

English

repeat

Repeat comes from Old French repeter, from Latin repetō, from re- ‘again’ + petō ‘to seek, attack’, from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂eti ‘to fly’.

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*péth₂eti1‘to fly’reconstructed
  2. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEpetō1‘to attack, beseech, seek’
  3. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CErepetō1‘to attack again’
  4. Old Frenchc. 842–1400repeter1‘to say multiple times’
  5. Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600repeter2‘to repeat’
  6. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500repeten1‘to repeat’
  7. Englishearliest quotation a. 1687repeat1

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, English repeat
  2. 2 Wiktionary, Middle English repeten
  3. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: a. 1687, Edmund Waller: “He[…] repeats the danger of the burning town.”.

Lineage

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*péth₂etiWiktionary, English repeat‘to fly’reconstructed
  2. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEpetōWiktionary, English repeat‘to attack, beseech, seek’
  3. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CErepetōWiktionary, English repeat‘to attack again’
  4. Old Frenchc. 842–1400repeterWiktionary, English repeat‘to say multiple times’
  5. Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600repeterWiktionary, Middle English repeten‘to repeat’
  6. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500repetenWiktionary, English repeat‘to repeat’
  7. Englishearliest quotation a. 1687repeatWiktionary, English repeat. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: a. 1687, Edmund Waller: “He[…] repeats the danger of the burning town.”

Word family

English words that share an ancestor with repeat, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.

through Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- ‘to spread out’

  • pass ← passen ← passer ← *passāre ← passus
  • mile ← myle ← mīl ← *mīliju ← mīlia
  • expansion ← expānsiō ← expandō ← pandō ← *pandō
  • expand ← espaundre ← expandō ← pandō ← *pandō
  • helicopter ← hélicoptère ← πτερόν ← *pterón ← *péth₂r̥
  • pen ← penne ← penne ← penne ← penna
  • patent ← patēns ← pateō ← *patēō ← *pandō
  • competent ← competens ← competō ← petō ← *péth₂eti
  • symptom ← sinthoma ← sinthoma ← symptoma ← σύμπτωμα
  • spawn ← spawnen ← espaundre ← espandre ← expandō
  • feather ← fethere ← feþer ← *feþru ← *feþrō
  • expanse ← expansum ← expandō ← pandō ← *pandō

113 more relatives in the full family tree

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Today it means

verb To do or say again (and again).

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “repeat”; the older steps come from the Wiktionary entry for Middle English repeten. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *péth₂eti / repeat