Etymograph

English

problem

Problem comes from Middle English probleme ‘a conundrum’, from Ancient Greek πρόβλημα ‘anything thrown forward, hindrance, obstacle,…’, and ultimately from βάλλω.

  1. Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEβάλλω1bállō‘to throw’
  2. Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEπροβάλλω1probállō‘to throw or lay something in front of someone’
  3. Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEπρόβλημα1próblēma‘anything thrown forward’
  4. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEproblēma1‘problem’
  5. Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600probleme1
  6. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500probleme1‘a conundrum’
  7. Englishearliest quotation 1910problem1

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, English problem
  2. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1910, Emerson Hough, Indianapolis: ““[…] it is not fair of you to bring…”.

Lineage

  1. Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEβάλλωWiktionary, English problembállō‘to throw’
  2. Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEπροβάλλωWiktionary, English problemprobállō‘to throw or lay something in front of someone’
  3. Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEπρόβλημαWiktionary, English problempróblēma‘anything thrown forward’
  4. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEproblēmaWiktionary, English problem‘problem’
  5. Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600problemeWiktionary, English problem
  6. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500problemeWiktionary, English problem‘a conundrum’
  7. Englishearliest quotation 1910problemWiktionary, English problem. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1910, Emerson Hough, Indianapolis: ““[…] it is not fair of you to bring…”

A compound of πρό ‘before, in front of’ + βάλλω ‘to throw, cast, hurl’

Proto-Indo-European *per-

Proto-Indo-European *pér ‘through’

Proto-Indo-European *pró ‘forwards, before’

Ancient Greek πρό ‘before, in front of’

Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- ‘to throw, reach, pierce’

Proto-Hellenic *gʷəlnō

Ancient Greek βάλλω ‘to throw, cast, hurl’

Word family

English words that share an ancestor with problem, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.

through Ancient Greek βάλλω ‘to throw, to cast, to hurl’

  • symbol ← symbole ← symbolum ← σύμβολον ← σῠμβάλλω
  • devil ← dēofol ← *diubul ← diabolus ← διάβολος
  • metabolic ← μεταβολικός ← μεταβολή ← μεταβάλλω
  • hyperbolic ← hyperbolic(us) ← ὑπερβολικός ← ὑπερβολή ← ὑπερβάλλω
  • emblem ← embleme ← emblēma ← ἔμβλημα ← ἐμβάλλω
  • parabolic ← παραβολικός ← παραβολή ← παραβάλλω
  • anabolic
  • parable ← parabola ← παραβολή ← παραβάλλω
  • embolism ← embolisme ← embolismus ← ἐμβολισμός ← ἐμβάλλω
  • metabolize ← μετᾰβολή ← μεταβάλλω
  • hyperbola ← ὑπερβολή ← ὑπερβάλλω

34 more relatives in the full family tree

No ads, ever.

No ads, ever. This is how the app stays alive.

Today it means

noun A difficulty that has to be resolved or dealt with.

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “problem”. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Ancient Greek βάλλω / problem