English
perfect
Perfect comes from Middle English perfit, from Old French parfit, from Latin perfectus ‘finished’, participle of perficiō ‘to finish’ (per- + faciō ‘to do’).
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*dʰeh₁k-1reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*dʰh₁kyéti1reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*θakjō1reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*fakjō1‘to make’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEfaciō2as facere‘to do, to make’
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEperficiō2‘to finish’
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEperfectus2‘finished, complete’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400parfit2
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500perfit2
- Englishearliest quotation c. 1596–1599perfect2
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor
- 1 Wiktionary, Latin facio
- 2 Wiktionary, English perfect
- Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: c. 1596–1599, William Shakespeare, The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]. Epilogue.: “Our Battaile is more full of Names then yours,…”.
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*dʰeh₁k-Wiktionary, Latin facioreconstructed
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*dʰh₁kyétiWiktionary, Latin facioreconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*θakjōWiktionary, Latin facioreconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*fakjōWiktionary, Latin facio‘to make’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEfaciōWiktionary, English perfectas facere‘to do, to make’
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEperficiōWiktionary, English perfect‘to finish’
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEperfectusWiktionary, English perfect‘finished, complete’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400parfitWiktionary, English perfect
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500perfitWiktionary, English perfect
- Englishearliest quotation c. 1596–1599perfectWiktionary, English perfect. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: c. 1596–1599, William Shakespeare, The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]. Epilogue.: “Our Battaile is more full of Names then yours,…”
The story
The spelling was modified in the 15th century to conform to its Latin etymon.
Word family
English words that share an ancestor with perfect, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.
through Proto-Italic *θakjō
- affectionate ← affectiōnātus ← affectiō ← afficiō ← faciō
- putrefaction ← putrefaccioun ← putrefaccïon ← putrefactiō ← putrefactus
through Proto-Italic *fakjō ‘to make’
- factor ← factour ← factour ← faciō
- difficulty ← difficulte ← difficulte ← difficultas ← difficilis
- effectively ← effective ← effectif ← effectīvus ← efficiō
- manufacture ← manufactura ← manūfactūra ← manūfactus ← manus
- interface ← face ← face ← face ← facia
- effectiveness ← effective ← effectif ← effectīvus ← efficiō
- faction ← factiō ← faciō
- affection ← affectiōnem ← affectiō ← afficiō ← faciō
- ineffective ← effective ← effectif ← effectīvus ← efficiō
- facet ← facette ← face ← face ← face
260 more relatives in the full family tree
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Today it means
adj Fitting its definition precisely.
Sources
Sources: Wiktionary, “perfect”; the older steps come from the Wiktionary entry for Latin facio. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k- / perfect