Etymograph

English

hit

Hit comes from Middle English hitten ‘to hit, strike’, from Old English hittan ‘to meet with, come upon’, from Old Norse hitta ‘to strike, meet’, and ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hittijaną ‘to come upon, find’.

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*kh₂eyd-1‘to fall; fall upon; hit’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*kh₂id-néh₂-ti1reconstructed
  3. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*hittijaną1‘to come upon, find’reconstructed
  4. Old Norsec. 800–1350hitta1‘to strike, meet’
  5. Old Englishc. 450–1150hittan1‘to meet with, come upon’
  6. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500hitten1‘to hit’
  7. Englishearliest quotation c. 1590–1592hit1

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, English hit
  2. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: c. 1590–1592, William Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew: “Thou hast hit it.”.

Lineage

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*kh₂eyd-Wiktionary, English hit‘to fall; fall upon; hit’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*kh₂id-néh₂-tiWiktionary, English hitreconstructed
  3. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*hittijanąWiktionary, English hit‘to come upon, find’reconstructed
  4. Old Norsec. 800–1350hittaWiktionary, English hit‘to strike, meet’
  5. Old Englishc. 450–1150hittanWiktionary, English hit‘to meet with, come upon’
  6. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500hittenWiktionary, English hit‘to hit’
  7. Englishearliest quotation c. 1590–1592hitWiktionary, English hit. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: c. 1590–1592, William Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew: “Thou hast hit it.”

Word family

English words that share an ancestor with hit, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.

through Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- ‘to fall’

  • decision ← dēcīsiō ← dēcīdō ← caedō ← *kaidō
  • precise ← précis ← praecīsus ← caedō ← *kaidō
  • cement ← syment ← ciment ← caementum ← caedō
  • concise ← concīsus ← concīdere ← caedō ← *kaidō
  • circumcision ← circumcisioun ← circumcisioun ← circumcīsiō ← circumcīdō
  • incision ← inscicioun ← incisiō ← incidō ← caedō
  • scissor ← cysour ← sisours ← cisoires ← caedō
  • incisive ← incīsīvus ← incīdō ← caedō ← *kaidō
  • excision ← excīsiō ← excīdō ← caedō ← *kaidō
  • chisel ← cisoir ← cīsōrium ← caedō ← *kaidō
  • incisor ← incīdō ← caedō ← *kaidō ← *kh₂éydeti
  • caesium ← caesius ← caedō ← *kaidō ← *kh₂éydeti

27 more relatives in the full family tree

No ads, ever.

Another origin of hit

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*ḱe-‘this, here’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*hit‘this, this one’reconstructed
  3. Old Englishc. 450–1150hit‘it’
  4. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500hit‘it’
  5. Englishtodayhit

No ads, ever. This is how the app stays alive.

Today it means

verb To administer a blow to, directly or with a weapon or missile.

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “hit”. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- / hit