Etymograph

English

hatred

Hatred may come from Proto-West Germanic *hati ‘hate’, and goes back to Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₂d- ‘strong emotion’.

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*ḱeh₂d-1‘strong emotion’uncertain
  2. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*ḱh₂d-es-1uncertain
  3. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*hataz2‘hate’uncertain
  4. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*hati3‘hate’uncertain
  5. Old Englishc. 450–1150hete4uncertain
  6. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500hate5
  7. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500haterede5
  8. Englishearliest quotation 1697hatred5

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, Proto-Germanic *hataz
  2. 2 Wiktionary, Proto-West Germanic *hati
  3. 3 Wiktionary, Old English hete
  4. 4 Wiktionary, Middle English hate
  5. 5 Wiktionary, English hatred
  6. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1697, William Congreve, The Mourning Bride: “Heav'n has no Rage, like Love to Hatred turn'd,…”.

Lineage

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*ḱeh₂d-Wiktionary, Proto-Germanic *hataz‘strong emotion’uncertain
  2. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*ḱh₂d-es-Wiktionary, Proto-Germanic *hatazuncertain
  3. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*hatazWiktionary, Proto-West Germanic *hati‘hate’uncertain
  4. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*hatiWiktionary, Old English hete‘hate’uncertain
  5. Old Englishc. 450–1150heteWiktionary, Middle English hateuncertain
  6. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500hateWiktionary, English hatred
  7. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500hateredeWiktionary, English hatred
  8. Englishearliest quotation 1697hatredWiktionary, English hatred. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1697, William Congreve, The Mourning Bride: “Heav'n has no Rage, like Love to Hatred turn'd,…”

Linked words

through Proto-Germanic *hataz ‘hate’

hate

through Middle English hate

hateful, 2 more

Today it means

noun A strong aversion; an intense dislike.

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “hatred”; the older steps come from the Wiktionary entries for Proto-Germanic *hataz, Proto-West Germanic *hati, Old English hete, Middle English hate. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₂d- / hatred

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