Etymograph

English

haloalcohol

Haloalcohol comes from Arabic كُحْل ‘antimony’, and goes back to Sumerian na₄.šem-bi-zi-da ‘kohl’.

  1. Sumerianc. 3100–1800 BCEna₄.šem-bi-zi-da1transliteratedcuneiform na₄.šem-bi-zi-da, a transliteration; the original signs are in Wiktionary‘kohl’
  2. Akkadianc. 2500–100 BCEguḫlum2transliteratedcuneiform guḫlum, a transliteration; the original signs are in Wiktionary
  3. Aramaicc. 1000 BCE–700 CEכוחלא2kuḥlā‘stibnite, antimony’
  4. Arabicc. 500–presentكُحْل2kuḥl‘antimony’
  5. Andalusian Arabicc. 800–1600كُحُول2kuḥūl
  6. Medieval Latinmodernalcohol2
  7. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500alcofol2
  8. English1500–presentalcohol2
  9. Englishtodayhaloalcohol2

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, Akkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕
  2. 2 Wiktionary, English haloalcohol

Lineage

  1. Sumerianc. 3100–1800 BCEna₄.šem-bi-zi-daWiktionary, Akkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕transliteratedcuneiform na₄.šem-bi-zi-da, a transliteration; the original signs are in Wiktionary‘kohl’
  2. Akkadianc. 2500–100 BCEguḫlumWiktionary, English haloalcoholtransliteratedcuneiform guḫlum, a transliteration; the original signs are in Wiktionary
  3. Aramaicc. 1000 BCE–700 CEכוחלאWiktionary, English haloalcoholkuḥlā‘stibnite, antimony’
  4. Arabicc. 500–presentكُحْلWiktionary, English haloalcoholkuḥl‘antimony’
  5. Andalusian Arabicc. 800–1600كُحُولWiktionary, English haloalcoholkuḥūl
  6. Medieval LatinmodernalcoholWiktionary, English haloalcohol
  7. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500alcofolWiktionary, English haloalcohol
  8. English1500–presentalcoholWiktionary, English haloalcohol
  9. EnglishtodayhaloalcoholWiktionary, English haloalcohol

A compound of halo- + alcohol

Proto-Indo-European *sḗh₂l ‘salt’

Proto-Hellenic *hā́ls ‘salt’

Ancient Greek ἅλς ‘sea, salt’

English halo-

Sumerian Sumerian form ‘kohl’

…

Aramaic כוחלא

Arabic كُحْل ‘kohl’

Medieval Latin alcohol

Middle English alcofol

English alcohol

Linked words

through Arabic كُحْل ‘antimony’

kohl, 18 more

through English alcohol

alcoholic, glycol, thiol, 17 more

Today it means

noun halohydrin

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “haloalcohol”; the older steps come from the Wiktionary entry for Akkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Sumerian na₄.šem-bi-zi-da / haloalcohol