Etymograph

English

four

Four comes from Old English fēower ‘four’, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr ‘four’.

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*kʷetwṓr1‘four’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*fedwōr1‘four’reconstructed
  3. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*feuwar1‘four’reconstructed
  4. Old Englishc. 450–1150fēower1‘four’
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500four1
  6. Englishearliest quotation 1828four1

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, English four
  2. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1828, Pigot and Co.'s National Commercial Dire, Comprising a Directory of the Merchants: “Letters to Sheffield are despatched every morning at six,…”.

Lineage

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*kʷetwṓrWiktionary, English four‘four’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*fedwōrWiktionary, English four‘four’reconstructed
  3. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*feuwarWiktionary, English four‘four’reconstructed
  4. Old Englishc. 450–1150fēowerWiktionary, English four‘four’
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500fourWiktionary, English four
  6. Englishearliest quotation 1828fourWiktionary, English four. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1828, Pigot and Co.'s National Commercial Dire, Comprising a Directory of the Merchants: “Letters to Sheffield are despatched every morning at six,…”

Word family

English words that share an ancestor with four, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.

through Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr

  • square ← esquarre ← *exquadra ← quadro ← quadrus
  • squad ← escouade ← squadra ← squadraredeverb. ← *exquadrō
  • quadrant ← cadran ← quadrāns ← quattuor ← *kʷettwōr
  • quadruple ← quadruplus ← quattuor ← *kʷettwōr
  • cadre ← quadro ← quadrum ← quattuor ← *kʷettwōr
  • quadratic ← quadratique ← quadrātus ← quadrō ← quadrus
  • quadra ← quadrus ← quadrō ← quattuor ← *kʷettwōr

28 more relatives in the full family tree

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Today it means

num A numerical value equal to 4; the number following three and preceding five.

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “four”. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr / four