Etymograph

English

fort

Fort comes from Middle French fort ‘strong’, from Latin fortis ‘strong’, from Old Latin forctis, from Proto-Italic *forktis.

  1. Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*forktis1‘strong’reconstructed
  2. Old Latinc. 700–75 BCEforctis1‘strong’
  3. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEfortis2‘strong’
  4. Old Frenchc. 842–1400fort3‘strong’
  5. Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600fort4‘strong’
  6. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500fort4
  7. Englishtodayfort4‘fort, stronghold’

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, Latin fortis
  2. 2 Wiktionary, Old French fort
  3. 3 Wiktionary, Middle French fort
  4. 4 Wiktionary, English fort

Lineage

  1. Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*forktisWiktionary, Latin fortis‘strong’reconstructed
  2. Old Latinc. 700–75 BCEforctisWiktionary, Latin fortis‘strong’
  3. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEfortisWiktionary, Old French fort‘strong’
  4. Old Frenchc. 842–1400fortWiktionary, Middle French fort‘strong’
  5. Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600fortWiktionary, English fort‘strong’
  6. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500fortWiktionary, English fort
  7. EnglishtodayfortWiktionary, English fort‘fort, stronghold’

Word family

English words that share an ancestor with fort, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.

through Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- ‘to rise, high, hill’

  • berry ← berȝe ← beorġe ← beorg ← *berg
  • borough ← borwe ← burh ← *burg ← *burgz
  • burgess ← burgeis ← burgeis ← burgensis ← burgus
  • bourgeois ← burgeis ← *burg ← *burgz ← *bʰérǵʰs
  • barrow ← berwe ← beorg ← *berg ← *bergaz
  • burglar ← burglātor ← burgus ← *burg ← *burgz
  • brie
  • burgh ← borwe ← burh ← *burg ← *burgz
  • brahmin ← bramine ← bramine ← ब्राह्मण
  • burg ← burgus ← *burgz ← *bʰérǵʰs
  • brahmana ← ब्राह्मण
  • bergh ← beorg ← *berg ← *bergaz ← *bʰérǵʰos

52 more relatives in the full family tree

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Today it means

noun A fortified defensive structure stationed with troops.

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “fort”; the older steps come from the Wiktionary entries for Latin fortis, Old French fort, Middle French fort. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Proto-Italic *forktis / fort