Etymograph

English

else

Else comes from Old English elles ‘other, otherwise, different’, from Proto-Germanic *aljas ‘of another, of something else’, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- ‘other’.

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂el-1‘other’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂élyos1‘other’reconstructed
  3. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*aljaz1‘other’reconstructed
  4. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*aljas1‘of another’reconstructedgenitive of *aljaz
  5. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*alljas1‘else’reconstructed
  6. Old Englishc. 450–1150elles1‘other’
  7. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500ells1
  8. Englishearliest quotation 1610–1611else1

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, English else
  2. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1610–1611, William Shakespeare, The Tempest: “Prospero: Thou hast done well, fine Ariel. Follow me;…”.

Lineage

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂el-Wiktionary, English else‘other’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂élyosWiktionary, English else‘other’reconstructed
  3. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*aljazWiktionary, English else‘other’reconstructed
  4. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*aljasWiktionary, English else‘of another’reconstructedgenitive of *aljaz
  5. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*alljasWiktionary, English else‘else’reconstructed
  6. Old Englishc. 450–1150ellesWiktionary, English else‘other’
  7. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500ellsWiktionary, English else
  8. Englishearliest quotation 1610–1611elseWiktionary, English else. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1610–1611, William Shakespeare, The Tempest: “Prospero: Thou hast done well, fine Ariel. Follow me;…”

Word family

English words that share an ancestor with else, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.

through Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- ‘other’

  • as ← eallswā ← *allswā ← *all ← *allaz
  • all ← eall ← *allaz
  • old ← ald ← *ald ← *aldaz ← *h₂eltós
  • adult ← adulte ← adultus ← adolescō ← olēscō
  • ultimate ← ultimātus ← ultimō ← ultimus ← *oltm̥mos
  • ultra ← ūls ← *h₂ol-
  • element ← elementum
  • alter ← alterer
  • el ← ille ← olle ← *olnos
  • altitude ← altitūdō ← altus ← *altos ← *h₂eltós
  • alumni ← alumnus ← *alomanos ← *h₂el-o-mh₁no-
  • qualification ← quālificātiō ← qualificō ← quālis ← *kʷālis

126 more relatives in the full family tree

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Today it means

adj Other; in addition to previously mentioned items.

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “else”. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- / else