Etymograph

English

due

Due comes from Middle English dewe, from Old French deü, past participle of devoir ‘to owe’, from Latin dēbeō ‘to owe’ (dē- + habeō ‘to have’).

  1. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEhabeō1‘to have’
  2. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEdēbeō1‘to owe’
  3. Old Frenchc. 842–1400devoir1‘to owe’
  4. Old Frenchc. 842–1400deü1past participle of devoir
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500dewe1‘due’
  6. Englishearliest quotation c. 1597due1

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, English due
  2. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: c. 1597, William Shakespeare, The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]: “He will give the devil his due.”.

Lineage

  1. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEhabeōWiktionary, English due‘to have’
  2. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEdēbeōWiktionary, English due‘to owe’
  3. Old Frenchc. 842–1400devoirWiktionary, English due‘to owe’
  4. Old Frenchc. 842–1400deüWiktionary, English duepast participle of devoir
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500deweWiktionary, English due‘due’
  6. Englishearliest quotation c. 1597dueWiktionary, English due. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: c. 1597, William Shakespeare, The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]: “He will give the devil his due.”

Word family

English words that share an ancestor with due, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.

through Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- ‘to grab, to take’

  • doubt ← douten ← douter ← dubitāre ← dubius
  • habitat ← habitō
  • endeavor ← endeveren ← endevour
  • dubious ← dubius ← duo ← *duō ← *dwóh₁
  • habitual ← habituālis ← habituō ← habitus ← habeō
  • javelin ← chafeveleyn ← javelline ← *gabalus ← gabulum
  • gab ← gabben ← gabban ← *gabbōn ← *gabbōną
  • aver ← aveir ← habēre

through Proto-Italic *habēō

  • prohibitive ← prohibitif ← prohibitīvus ← prohibeō ← habeō

through Latin habeō ‘to have’

  • able ← habilis
  • average ← avarie ← avarie ← avaria ← عَوَارِيَّة
  • ability ← abilite ← ableté ← habilitās ← habilis

64 more relatives in the full family tree

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Today it means

adj Owed or owing.

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “due”. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Latin habeō / due