English
complex
Complex is borrowed from French complexe, from Latin complexus, past participle of complector ‘to entwine’ (com- + plectō).
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEplectō1‘to weave, braid’
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEcomplector1‘to entwine, encircle’
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEcomplexus1past participle of complector
- Frenchc. 1600–presentcomplexe1‘complex’
- Englishearliest quotation 1689complex1
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor
- 1 Wiktionary, English complex
- Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1689, London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt: “Ideas thus made up of several simple ones put…”.
Lineage
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEplectōWiktionary, English complex‘to weave, braid’
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEcomplectorWiktionary, English complex‘to entwine, encircle’
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEcomplexusWiktionary, English complexpast participle of complector
- Frenchc. 1600–presentcomplexeWiktionary, English complex‘complex’
- Englishearliest quotation 1689complexWiktionary, English complex. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1689, London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt: “Ideas thus made up of several simple ones put…”
The story
May be analyzed as com- + -plex.
Word family
English words that share an ancestor with complex, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.
through Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- ‘to fold, plait, weave’
- apply ← aplien ← applier ← applicō ← plicō
- display ← displayen ← despleier ← displicare ← plicō
- reply ← replyen ← replier ← replicō ← plicō
- employment ← employer ← empleier ← implicō ← plicō
- explicit ← explicite ← explicite ← explicātus ← explicō
- exploitation ← exploiter ← explicō ← plicō
- employ ← emploien ← emploier ← implicō ← plicō
- deploy ← déployer ← desploiier ← plicō
- replica ← replico ← plicō
- exploit ← esploit ← explicātus ← explicō ← plicō
- imply ← implien ← emplier ← implicare ← plicō
- fiasco ← flasca ← *flaskā ← *flaskǭ
63 more relatives in the full family tree
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Today it means
adj Made up of multiple parts; composite; not simple.
Sources
Sources: Wiktionary, “complex”. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.
Etymograph / Latin plectō / complex