Etymograph

English

complex

Complex is borrowed from French complexe, from Latin complexus, past participle of complector ‘to entwine’ (com- + plectō).

  1. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEplectō1‘to weave, braid’
  2. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEcomplector1‘to entwine, encircle’
  3. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEcomplexus1past participle of complector
  4. Frenchc. 1600–presentcomplexe1‘complex’
  5. Englishearliest quotation 1689complex1

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

  1. 1 Wiktionary, English complex
  2. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1689, London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt: “Ideas thus made up of several simple ones put…”.

Lineage

  1. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEplectōWiktionary, English complex‘to weave, braid’
  2. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEcomplectorWiktionary, English complex‘to entwine, encircle’
  3. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEcomplexusWiktionary, English complexpast participle of complector
  4. Frenchc. 1600–presentcomplexeWiktionary, English complex‘complex’
  5. Englishearliest quotation 1689complexWiktionary, English complex. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1689, London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt: “Ideas thus made up of several simple ones put…”

The story

May be analyzed as com- + -plex.

Full etymology on Wiktionary

Word family

English words that share an ancestor with complex, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.

through Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- ‘to fold, plait, weave’

  • apply ← aplien ← applier ← applicō ← plicō
  • display ← displayen ← despleier ← displicare ← plicō
  • reply ← replyen ← replier ← replicō ← plicō
  • employment ← employer ← empleier ← implicō ← plicō
  • explicit ← explicite ← explicite ← explicātus ← explicō
  • exploitation ← exploiter ← explicō ← plicō
  • employ ← emploien ← emploier ← implicō ← plicō
  • deploy ← déployer ← desploiier ← plicō
  • replica ← replico ← plicō
  • exploit ← esploit ← explicātus ← explicō ← plicō
  • imply ← implien ← emplier ← implicare ← plicō
  • fiasco ← flasca ← *flaskā ← *flaskǭ

63 more relatives in the full family tree

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Today it means

adj Made up of multiple parts; composite; not simple.

Sources

Sources: Wiktionary, “complex”. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.

Etymograph / Latin plectō / complex