English
air
Air comes from Middle English aire, from Old French air, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ ‘mist, air’.
- Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEᾱ̓ήρ1āḗr‘mist, air’
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEāēr1
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400air1
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500aire1
- Englishearliest quotation 1813air1
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor
- 1 Wiktionary, English air
- Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1813, Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice: […]: “"If I," said Mr. Collins, "were so fortunate as…”.
Lineage
- Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEᾱ̓ήρWiktionary, English airāḗr‘mist, air’
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEāērWiktionary, English air
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400airWiktionary, English air
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500aireWiktionary, English air
- Englishearliest quotation 1813airWiktionary, English air. Earliest quotation in Wiktionary’s entry: 1813, Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice: […]: “"If I," said Mr. Collins, "were so fortunate as…”
Word family
English words that share an ancestor with air, grouped by the ancestor they share, most familiar first.
through Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews- ‘to dawn’
- or ← aurum ← *auzom ← *h₂éws-o-m
- east ← est ← *austr ← *austrą ← *austraz
- exhaust ← exhaustus ← exhauriō ← hauriō ← *auziō
- aurora ← *h₂éwsōs
- aureus ← aurum ← *auzom ← *h₂éws-o-m
- aural ← aura ← αὔρα ← *auhrā ← *h₂éwsr̥h₂
- aurelia ← aureus ← aurum ← *auzom
- austral ← australis ← auster ← *austeros ← *h₂éwsteros
- oriel ← oriol ← aureolus ← aureus ← aurum
- oriole ← oriol ← oriol ← aureolus ← aureus
- aurum ← *auzom ← *h₂éws-o-m
through Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér ‘in the direction of dawn, east’
- easter ← ēast ← *austr ← *austraz ← *h₂éwsteros
102 more relatives in the full family tree
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Today it means
noun The substance constituting Earth's atmosphere: a gaseous mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and various trace gases.
Sources
Sources: Wiktionary, “air”. By Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0, via kaikki.org (dump of Oct 3 2026); text adapted and restructured. Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word. License.
Etymograph / Ancient Greek ᾱ̓ήρ / air